Use Of Articles

Article

1.                  A , An, The- GB wZbwU‡K  Article e‡j|

2.                  A, An , The GB wZbwUB GKKfv‡e Noun Gi c~‡e© e‡m |

3.                  mvaviY wbqg wnmv‡e Singular number Gi Common Noun Gi c~‡e©  GKwU একটি Article e‡m|

A / An Gi mvavib e¨envi:

Aem’vb: 

1.                  A / An mvavibZ Noun Gi c~‡e© e‡m|

2.                  hw` Noun Gi Ab¨ Adjective / Adverb _v‡K Z‡e A / An Zv‡`i Av‡MI e‡m |

3.                  Many , Such, What(exclamation), how, so, as, too G‡`I ci Adjective _vK‡j G‡`i ci A / An e‡m |

A Gi e¨envi:

1.                  Countable Noun hw` Consonant w`‡q ïi“ nq |              ‡hgb-      A book,           A cat,   A dog,     A hen

2.                  Countable Noun Gi cÖ_‡g Vowel (a, e, i, o, u)  Gi D”PviY hw` ( you / wa) Gi gZ nq |     ‡hgb-      A unit, a university, a useful               .                 thing, a union , a usage, a uniform, a unique picture, a ear, a European , a ewe, a one taka note, a one eyed man, a one act play.

3.                  msL¨v, MwZ, cwigvb, AbycvZ eySv‡Z  a  e¨eüZ nq |

‡hgb-      A pair, a dozen, a hundred, a pound, a kilo, a day, a week, a half, a few, a lot of, a little, a day. 4. 5. 6. 7.

4.                  Zzjbv A‡_© Proper Noun ‡K  Common  Noun  iƒ‡c e¨envi Ki‡j a  e¨eüZ nq |

‡hgb- You are a Nazrul I see.          He is a Kalidas in literature.

5.                  Abstract Noun  ‡K  common  Noun iƒ‡c e¨envi Ki‡j a  e¨eüZ nq | ‡hgb-    He was a Justice of the Suprime Court. She is a beauty.

6.         Exclamation  eySv‡Z a  e¨eüZ nq | ‡hgb- What a lovely sight!      How smart a boy!

7.         Preposition  iƒ‡c e¨envi n‡j  a e¨eüZ nq | ‡hgb-    He went a hunting (on hunting).

8.         The same ev GKB A_© eySv‡Z a  e¨eüZ nq | ‡hgb-  Birds of a feather flock together.

9.     GKwU ev †Kvb GKwU  eySv‡Z a  e¨eüZ nq | ‡hgb-        There was not a man to support him.

10.       AcwiwPZ AZP wbw`©ó †Kvb e¨w³ eySv‡Z a e¨eüZ nq | ‡hgb-    A Mr. Khan came to see me.

11.       RvwZ ev ‡kªYx‡evaK k‡ãi Av‡M a e¨eüZ nq | ‡hgb-   A cow is a useful animal.

12.       KwZcq Phrase Gi m‡½ a e¨eüZ nq | ‡hgb-   They are in a hurry.

An Gi e¨envi:

1.                  Countable  Noun  Gi ïi“‡Z hw`  Vowel ( a, e, i, o, u) _v‡K Z‡e Zvi c~‡e©  an  e‡m|

a: an ant, an apple, an ass, an axe.                     e: an egg, an eye, an elephant.               i: an  insect, an island, an inkpot, an inch,

o: an orange, an orphan, an owl, an ox.                   u: an umbrella, an ugly boy     

            

2.                   Abbribriation  ev msw¶ß k‡ãi cÖ_g A¶i hw` Vowel  Gi gZ D”PvwiZ nq|

an M. A. an M. D. an M.B.B.S.                       wKš‘, a B. A.  a C.A

3.                  শ‡ãi ïi“‡Z h _vK‡j Ges Zv Aby”PvwiZ †_‡K hw` wØZxq A¶‡i stress (‡Rvi) †`ওয়া Z‡e Zvi c~‡e© an  e‡m|

‡hgb-      An hour, an honest man, an honorable person.

The Gi e¨envi:

1.      wbw`©ó K‡i †evSv‡j me Number Ges  me Gender G  Noun  Gi c~‡e©  The  e‡m|  †hgb-      the boy, the girls.

2.      wbw`©ó e¨w³ ev e¯‘i c~‡e© The e‡m| †hgb-      the book, the man.

3.      ‡h mKj e¯‘i c~‡e© The e‡m †m¸‡jv nj:-

a.     b`x : The Padma, The Nile, The Jamuna.

b.    Lvj : The Panama, The Suez.

c.       mvMi : The Black sea, The Read sea, The Arabian sea.

d.    DcmvMi : The Bay of Bengal, The Persian Gulf,

e.     gnvmvMi : The Indian Ocean, The Pacific Ocean,

f.     n«` : The Caspian, The Baikal, The Gibraltar.

g.    Aš—ixc : The Kumarika, The Cape of Good Hope.

h.    cÖYvjx : The Bosforus,  The Darda-nelles.

i.      `xccyÄ : The Andaman, The West Indies, the Phelippines.

j.      ce©Zgvjv : The Alps, The Himalayas.

k.    A_©c~Y© †fŠ‡MvwjK bvg : The U.S.A. The U. K. The Punjab, The Netherlands.

l.      w`K : The East, The West, The North, The South.

m.  AwØZxq e¯‘ : The Sun, The moon, The Earth, The Sky.

n.    RvwZ : The Muslim, The Indian, The English,

o.    esk : The Mughals, The Khans,

p.    D‡j­L‡hvM¨ NUbv : The Victory Day, The Shaheed Day,

q.    D‡j­L‡hvM¨ ¯’vb : The Panipath,  The Plassey The Baldha Garden.

r.      ag© MÖš’ : The Quran, The Bible, The Geeta, The Tripitak.

s.     RvnvR : The Titanic, The Elizabeth, The Banglar Doot, The Santamaria.

t.      msev`cÎ / mvgwqK cÎ : The Ittefaq,  The Bangladesh Observer,

The New  York Times.

u.    ‡Uªb / wegvb : The Khulna Express,  The Ulka, The Biman, The Saudia.

v.    gnvk~b¨hvb : The Sputnik, The Apollo-11, The  Challenger, The Skylab.

w.  ‡nv‡Uj / wm‡bgv : The Ruposi Bangla Hotel, The Balaka.

x.    ‡ckv : The Bar, The Press.

y.    ev`¨hš¿ : The violin, The Piano.

z.     weL¨vZ MÖš’ : The Geetanjali, The Shahnama.

4.  মাসের তারিখের পূর্বে  The বসে। যেমন ----

      i. Dated, Dhaka the 15^th July.  ii. Today is the 10^th of April.      iii. The school closes on the 7^th instant.

                                                       

5.    জাতি বা শ্রেণী বুঝাতে singular Common Noun এর পূর্বে the বসে । যেমন—

        The cow, The dog, The lion, The horse, The cat,  The rose, The banyan, The  ant.

6.  পূর্বে পরিচিত কোনো ব্যক্তি বা বস্তুর উল্লেখ প্রসঙ্গে  the বসে ।     যেমন—     i. I don’t like the man.                   ii. Come to the library.

7.  বহু বচনাত্বক শ্রেনীবাচক Adjective বুঝাতে  the বসে । যেমন-- The rich = rich men, rich people.       The poor = poor men, poor people.        The wise = wise men, wise people.       The idle = idle men, idle people.        The sick = sick men, sick people.

8.  Adjective  এর    Superlative Degree-র পূর্বে  the বসে ।       যেমন—  The best boy, the worst man , the highest building, the tallest tree , the largest city, the greatest man,  The biggest mosque, the most important question, the lowest temperature, the most expensive/ attractive/ interesting/ exciting things.

9.  ‘যত তত’ এই অর্থে   Adverb রুপে ব্যবহৃত  comparative degree এর পূর্বে the বসে।  The more, the merrier,  The sooner, the better.

10.  তুলনা বুঝাতে the  বসে ।  যেমন –        i. Nazrul was the Shelley of Bangladesh.        ii. Tokyo is the Manchester of Japan.

11.  যখন কোনো  Material বা Abstract Noun  কে wbw`©ó  [ particularized ]  করা হয় তখন  the  বসে ।  যেমন—

      i. The  gold of this ring is pure.      ii. The water of this pond is muddy.      iii. The rice of Barisal is very fine.

12. Proper noun , Material Noun  এবং Abstract Noun  কে common noun হিসাবে ব্যবহার করতে   the  বসে ।

      i. Narayanganj is the Dundee of Bangladesh.      ii.   Zuleka was the beauty of  Palashpur.

13. Superlative Degree এর of  জোর দিয়ে best  অর্থ বুঝাতে the বসে । যেমন—        He is the player of the match.

14.         Ordinal Number বা ক্রম / পর্জায়বাচক সংখ্যা বানান করে লিখলে তার পূর্বে   the  বসে।            যেমন —i. Queen Elizabeth the second.

              ii. George the fifth.              iii. The first boy is  better than the second boy.

15. Possessive Adjective এর পরির্বতে  common noun   ব্যবহার করলে তার পূর্বে the বসে ।    i. He struck me on the head.                       ii. The dog bit the boy on the right leg.              iii. He stared me in the face.

16.  বস্তুর কোনো বিশেষ অংশ বুঝাতে তার পূর্বে the বসে । যেমন---              She prefers the yellow of an egg.

17.  Adjective  এবং  Singular Common noun কে  Abstract noun  রুপে ব্যবহার করলে তার পূর্বে   the  বসে ।

       i. The future is unknown to us.       ii. Check the beast in you.       iii. Do not leap in the dark.

18.  Adjective, Adverbial phrase বা clause দ্বারা Noun কে বিশেসিত  করলে তার পূর্বে the বসে । যেমন-The black cow , The famous Titumir.

19. বিশেষভাবে কোনো ব্যক্তি বা বস্তু নির্দেশিত হলে  Common noun  এর Plural number এর পূর্বে  the বসে । যেমন--

       i. The cows of Ullapara are healthy.        ii. The boys  of  Guru Griha are very smart.

20.  কোনো স্তানে প্রাথমিক উদ্দেশ্যে গমন না করে অন্য কোনো উদ্দেশ্যে গেলে সে স্তানের পূর্বে the বসে । যেমন --        He is going to school.(to study   -প্রাথমিক উদ্দেশ্যে )       He is going to the school. (to see or visit) . My mother went to the school to meet the Headmaster.              এভাবে the prison , the mosque, the market etc.  

21.  কোন ভাষার নামের আগে the বসলে তা দ্বারা ঐ ভাষায় যারা কথা বলে তাদেরকেই বুঝায় । যেমন --The English. ---English people , English    .      nation.      এভাবে The Chinese, The French.

22. দ্বিতীয় দফা উল্লেখ করে কোনো  Noun  কে wbw`©ó করলে তার পূর্বে   the বসে । যেমন--

        Indefinite:                                            Definite:

i.     Give me a book.                             I shall read the book.

        ii.   We have a cat.                                The cat is black.

        iii.  That is a library.                              Go to the library.