Right from of verb
Right form of verb
Rule-1: Subject 3rd person singular number n‡j present Indefinite Tense-G g~j verb-Gi mv‡_ s ev es, ies †hvM n‡e| Ab¨ person ev plural number n‡j g~j verb-Gi m‡½ s ev es, ies hy³ n‡e bv|
Structure: Sub+verb Gi present form+ object+ evKx Ask|
Example:
(a) The boy (eat) ___rice. Ans: The boy eats rice.
(b) He (change) ___ it. Ans: He changes it.
(c) She (sing) ___ a song. Ans: She sings a song.
(d) Our solar system (consist) ____of nine planets. Ans: Our solar system consists of nine planets.
(e) All animals (need) ____ water. Ans: All animals need water.
Rule-2: universal truth (wPiš—b mZ¨) habitual fact (Af¨vmMZ Kg©), historicalevent (HwZnvwmK NUbv) eySv‡j present Indefinite tense n‡e| G‡K universal present tense-I e‡j|
Example:
(a) The sun (rise) ___ in the east. Ans: The sun rises in the east.
(b) The earth (move) ___ round the sun. Ans: The earth moves round the sun.
(c) Day (come) ___ after night. Ans: Day comes after night.
(d) The man (to smoke) ____ like a chain smoker. Ans: The man smokes like a chain smoker.
(e) The British (defeat) ____ siraj-ud-Daullah in the battle of palassay
Ans: The British defeats siraj-ud-Daullah in the battle of palassay.
Rule-3: Be verb ej‡Z Avgiv Present tense-G am, is, are Ges past tense-G was, were ‡K eywS| ZvB eªv‡K‡Ui RvqMvq singular Gi †¶‡Î am, is, was Ges plural Gi †¶‡Î are, were emvB|
Subject + verb to be (am, is, are/ was, were) + object evKx Ask.
Example:
(a) The virtuous (be) ___ blessed. Ans: The virtuous are blessed.
(b) The pious (be) ____ happy. Ans: The pious are happy.
(c) The rich (be) ___ not always happy. Ans: The rich are not always happy.
(d) There (be) __ two primary schools in our upazilla.
Ans: There are two primary schools in our upazilla.
(e) There (be) ____ two people on board. Ans: There were two people on board.
Rule-4: mvaviYZ Adverb of time Ges frequency; ‡hgb-always,
regularly, sometimes, often, generally, daily, everyday, occasionally,
usually, normally, nowadays, generally, usually, rarely, frequently,
naturally, seldom, constantly, never, once a year, every a week, every
year, on a week, BZ¨vw` wKQy Phrase ‡hgbt at times, at present, now and then, all the time, once a week BZ¨vw` ev‡K¨i g‡a¨ _vK‡j present Indefinite Tense nq|
Example:
(a) Rahul always (disturb) ____ the class. Ans: Rahul always disturbs the class.
(b) A good boy (learn) ____ his lesson regularly. Ans: A good boy learns his lesson regularly.
(c) He sometimes (come) ____ here. Ans: He sometimes comes here.
(d) He occasionally (travel) ____ Japan. Ans: He occasionally travels Japan.
(e) We usually (get) ____ up at 6 a. m. Ans: We usually get up at 6 a. m.
Rule-5: GKwU simple sentence-G `ywU main verb _vK‡j c‡iiwUi mv‡_ ing †hvM n‡e| wKQy wbw`©ó verb Gi mv‡_ ing hy³ Ki‡Z n‡e|
Structure: Subject + verb+ object+ Present participle (verb ing).......
Example:
(a) I heard him (to say) ____ this. Ans: I heard him saying this.
(b) I have finished (to read) ____ the book. Ans: I have finished reading the book.
(c) I saw jerry (go) ____ up over the hill. Ans: I saw jerry going up over the hill.
(d) I heard the girl (sing) ____ a song. Ans: I heard the girl singing a song.
Rule-6: ev‡K¨ now, at this moment, at the moment, Listen! Look! Right now, this season, this year, continually, perpetually, forever _vK‡j Pesent continuous or Progressive Ges than, at that moment BZ¨vw` _vK‡j Past continuous or Progressive Tense n‡e|
Structure: Subject + am, is, are + verb(ing) + object+
Example:
(a) He (read) ____ a novel now. Ans: He is reading a novel now.
(b) Karim (go) ____ to college now. Ans: Karim is going to college now.
(c) My mother (cook) ____ then. Ans: My mother is cooking then.
(d) My parents (stay) ____ in London at this moment.
Ans: My parents are staying in London at this moment.
(e) I (work) ____ at that moment. Ans: I am working at that moment
Rule-7: No sooner, hardly I scarcely cÖf„wZ conjunction hy³ ev‡K¨i cÖg Ask Past perfect tense Gi n‡j c‡ii Ask Past Indefinite tense G nq|
Structure: No sooner had + Sub+ verb (3) ---- than +Sub+ past+ ect.
Scarcely had+ Sub+ verb+ (3) --- when+ Subject+ past+ ect.
Hardly had+ Sub + verb (3) ---when/before + Subject+ past+ ect.
Example:
(a) No sooner had he (see) ____ the police than he (run) ____ away.
Ans: sooner had he Seen the police than he ran away.
(b) No sooner hat the teacher (enter) ____ the classroom than the students (stand) ____ up.
Ans: No sooner hat the teacher entered the classroom than the students stood up.
(c) Hardly had I (reach) ____ home when it (start) ____ raining.
Ans:. Hardly had I reached home when it started raining.
(d) Scarcely had we (finish) ____ our eating when he (come) ____ to us.
Ans: Scarcely had we finished our eating when he came to us.
(e) Harldy had I (see) ____ the snake, when I (run) ____ away
Ans: Hardly had I seen the snake, when I ran away
Note: ZvQvov, No sooner did --- than, scarcely did ---when/ before, Hardly did --- when/ before n‡j c‡ii evK¨vsk Present indefinite tense Gi nq| †hgb No sooner did he enter the station than the train leaves.
Rule-8: Had
better, had rather, would better, would rather, must, can, could, may,
might, need, dare, have to, has to , used to, (am, is, are, to), able to
, allowed to, make, help, late, secondary auxiliary ev modal verb Gi ci wbqg Abyhvqx g~j verb Gi Present form nq| ZLb g~j verb- Gi mv‡_ s ev es e‡m bv wKsev ‡Kvb cwieZ©b nq bv|
Structure: Subject + modal verb + verb (1) + object+ etc.
Example:
(a) You had better (to go) ____home. Ans: You had better go home.
(b) You would rather (to leave) ____ him alone. Ans: You would rather leave him alone.
(c) We must (obey) ____ our parents. Ans: We must obey our parents.
(d) I need not (to go) ____there. Ans: I need not go there.
(e) How (dare) ____ you speak with me? Ans: How dare you speak with me?
Rule-9: ‡h ev‡K¨ object, subject Gi RvqMvq e‡m Ges ev‡K¨i KZ©v ev agent Lyu‡R cvIqv hvqbv, ZLb evK¨wU Passive voice Gi m¤úbœ Ki‡Z nq|
Structure: Subject + am, is, are/ have, has+ been, was, were, + (v3) + etc.
Example:
(a) My pocket (pick) ____. Ans: My pocket has been picked.
(b) English (speak) ____ all over the world. Ans: English is spoken all over the world.
(c) He (wound) ____ in the war. Ans: He was wounded in the war.
(d) The ridge (build) ____. Ans: The ridge was built.
Rule-10: wKQy wKQy verb Av‡Q †h¸‡jvi c‡i object ev complement wn‡m‡e ïay gerund e‡m| G ¸‡jv njt admit, avoid, appreciate, consider, contemplate, delay, deny, detest, dislike, endure, enjoy, escape, excuse, stop, face, finish, miss, feel , like, forgive, give up, imagine, involve, mention, mind, postpone, practice, resist, suggest, like.
Example:
(a) I enjoy (to gossip) ___ with my friends. Ans: I enjoy gossiping with my friends.
(b) They delayed (to pay) ___ with my friends. Ans: They delayed paying with my friends.
(c) She avoids (to meet) ___ me. Ans: She avoids meeting me.
(d) I deny (to speak) ___ to him. Ans: I deny speaking to him
(e) My brother dislikes (to gossip) ___. Ans: My brother dislikes gossiping.
Rule-11: hLb GKB e¨w³ ev e¯‘i `ywU Dcvwa‡K and Øviv †hvM Kiv nq ZLb cÖ_gwUiïi“‡Z ïay the emv‡Z nq Ges verb Gi sigular form nq| Avevi hw` `ywU Dcvwai Av‡M `ywU the e‡m ZLb verb plural nq|
Example:
(a) The Headmaster and secretary of the school (to have) ___ tendered his resignation.
Ans: The Headmaster and secretary of the school has tendered his Resignation.
(b) The Magistrate and collector (to be) ___ efficient officer.
Ans: The Magistrate and collector is efficient officer.
(c) The UNO and secretary (sign) ___ on the agenda.
Ans: The UNO and secretary has signed on the agenda.
(d) The guest and the attendant (cat) ___ their meals.
Ans: The guest and the attendant have eaten their meals.
(e) The manager and marketing officer (be) ___ present there.
Ans: The manager and marketing officer is present there salary.
Rule-12: Measurement of money, unity of distance, time Ges form G cÖKvk Ki‡Z singular verb e¨eüZ nq|
Example:
(a) One hundred dollars (be) ___ a lot of money for a bottle of wine.
Ans: One hundred dollars is a lot of money for a bottle of wine.
(b) Two hours (be) ___ a long time to wait for a doctor.
Ans: Two hours is a long time to wait for a doctor.
(c) 93,000,000 miles (be) ___ the distance from the sun to the earth.
Ans: 93,000,000 miles is the distance from the sun to the earth.
(d) Fifty miles (be) ___ a long distance.
Ans: Fifty miles is a long distance.
(e) Fifty thousand dollars (be) ___ a big amount.
Ans: Fifty thousand dollars is a big amount.
Rule-13: cÖ`Ë verb Gi c~‡e© mind,
worth, without, by, past, cannot help, could not help, with a view to,
look forward to, would you mind, get used to while ,in , of , for, with
an eye to, be, get used to,(be +used to), (get+ used to), (be+ addicted
to), (be+accustomed to,(be + opposed to), (be+ adverse to ) Ges preposition Gi ci verb Gi mv‡_ ing †hvM n‡e|
(a) We went to the library with a view to (read) ___ there.
Ans: We went to the library with a view to reading there.
(b) Would you mind (to stop) ___ gossiping.
Ans: Would you mind stopping gossiping.
(c) Without (work) ___ hard no one can prosper in life.
Ans: Without working hard no one can prosper in life
(d) I cannot help (laugh) ___ hearing it.
Ans: I cannot help laughing/ hearing it
Rule-14: Just, just now, already, yet, ever, lately, recently BZ¨vw` _vK‡j Present Perfect Tense n‡e|
Structure: Sub + have, has+ verb (3) + object+ etc.
Example:
(a) He (go) ___ out just now. Ans: He has gone out just now.
(b) The train just (reach) ___ the station. Ans: The train has just reached the station.
(c) He already (complete) ___ M.A. Ans: He has already completed M.A.
(d) You ever (be) ___ to Dhaka? Ans: Have you ever been to Dhaka?
(e) I (see) ___ him recently. Ans: I have seen him recently.
Rule-15: AZxZ wb‡`©kK kã ev phrase; †hgb-ago,
long since, last, before, yesterday, last year, before long , long
since, long ago, in 1995 , in those days, then, at that time, at the
last month , last week , the other day, once upon a time, once,
formerly. BZ¨vw` _vK‡j verb Gi Past Indefinite Tense n‡e|
Example:
(a) He (leave) ___ home last night. Ans: He left home last night.
(b) I (come) ___ home yesterday. Ans: I came home yesterday.
(c) I (see) ___ you long since. Ans: I saw you long since.
(d) Ten years ago I (live) __ in Paris. Ans: Ten years ago I lived in Paris.
(e) A cyclone (break) ___ out last night. Ans: A cyclone broke out last night.
Rule-16: Think, notice, taste, feel, like, love, hope, suppose, hate, want, believe, wish, imagine BZ¨vw` verb Gi Present Continuous Tens bv n‡q Present Indefinite Tense n‡e|
Example:
(a) He (feel) ___better now. Ans: He feels better now.
(b) My brother (to love) ___ the countrymen. Ans: My brother loves the countrymen.
(c) They (to want) ___ help from me now. Ans: They want help from me now.
(d) I (to hope) ___ you are well now. Ans: I hope you are well now.
(e) He (to believe) ___ me. Ans: He believes me.
Rule-17: Causative verbs (make, get, have, help, let, behold, watch, feel, help) BZ¨vw`i †¶‡Î ïaygvÎ get Gi c‡i g~j verb Gi c~‡e© to emv‡bv hvq| Ab¨vb¨ wØZxq verb ¸‡jvi Av‡M to e‡m bv| plain infinitive e‡j |
Structure: Sub + make, get, have, let + verb (1) + object+ etc.
Example:
(a) Mother makes the baby (to laugh) ___. Ans: Mother makes the baby laugh.
(b) Plase let me (to finish) ___ the work. Ans: Please let me finish the work.
(c) He made me (to keep) ___ standing. Ans: He made me keep standing.
(d) He got me (to do) ___ it. Ans: He got me to do it.
(e) I watched the star (fall) ___. Ans: I watched the star fall.
Rule-18: Noun in multitude, group noun Ges pair noun- Gi ci verb Gi plural form n‡e|
Example:
(a) The committee (be) ___ scheduled to meet at one o’clock.
Ans: The committee is scheduled to meet at one o’clock.
(b) The jury (to be) ___ going to decide about the matter.
Ans: The jury is going to decide about the matter.
(c) The committee (to be) ___ violently on debating the merits of the proposed system.
Ans: The committee are violently on debating the merits of the proposed system.
Ans: The calls are arguing with one another.
(e) The jury (to be) ___ divided in their opinions.
Ans: The jury was divided in their opinions.
Rule-19: As well as, with, accompanied with, along with, together with, in addition to BZ¨vw` Øviv `ywU subject hy³ n‡j cÖ_g subject Abyhvqx verb e‡m _v‡K|
Example:
(a) Becon as well as Shakespeare (be) ___ dead. Ans: Becon as well as Shakespeare was dead.
(b) Mr Zillur Rahman along with his family (live) ___ in Bangladesh.
Ans: Mr Zillur Rahman along with his family lives in Bangladesh.
(c) I with my brother (be) ___ present there. Ans: I with my brother was present there.
(d) They together with me (to help) ___ the poor. Ans: They together with me help the poor.
(e) Honesty in addition to hardworking (to win) ___ the race.
Ans: Honesty in addition to hardworking wins the race.
Rule-20: Adjective Gi c~‡e© the em‡j Adjective wU plural common noun G cwiYZ nq| ZLb verb Gi iƒcI plural n‡e|
Example:
(a) The virtuous (to be) ___ always happy Ans: The virtuous are always happy
(b) The poor (to be) ___ born to suffer. Ans: The poor are born to suffer.
(c) The pious (to be) ___ always blessed. Ans: The pious are always blessed.
(d) The illiterate (to have) ___ been treated bitterly Ans: The illiterate have been treated bitterly
(e) The unfed (to be) ___ creating indiscipline Ans: The unfed are creating indiscipline
Rule-21: ev‡K¨i Subject, ‘A number of’ n‡j plural verb Avi ‘the number of n‡j singular verb n‡e|
Example:
(a) A number of people (be) ___waiting to see you.
Ans: A number of people are waiting to see you.
(b) The number of stars in the sky (to seem) ___ countless.
Ans: The number of stars in the sky seems countless.
(c) A large number of countries (be) ___ the members of the United Nations.
Ans: A large number of countries are the members of the United Nations.
(d) The number of computer soft wares (be) ___ increasing every year.
Ans: The number of computer soft wares is increasing every year.
(e) The number of students (be) ___ increasing day by day.
Ans: The number of students is increasing day by day.
Rule-22: Prepositional phrase hy³ inverted sentence Ges here / there Øviv MwVZ ev‡K¨ subject verb †K AbymiY K‡i| A_v©r, Object Abyhvqx e‡K¨ verb Gi i“c wba©wiZ nq| †hgb t
Example:
(a) From the branch of a tree (sing) ___ a bird. Ans: From the branch of a tree sings a bird.
(b) There (go) ___ the trainer. Ans: There goes the trainer.
(c) There (go) ___ the two trainers Ans: There go the two trainers
(d) From the branch (sing) ___ two birds Ans From the branch sing two birds:
(e) Below the table (sleep) ___ a cat. Ans: Below the table sleeps a cat.
Rule-23: Before Gi c~‡e© Past prefect tense Ges c‡i past Indefinite tense n‡e| Avi after Gi c~‡e© Past Indefinite Tense Ges c‡i Past perfect tense n‡e|
Structure: (1) Past perfect + before + Past Indefinite.
(2) Past Indefinite + after + past perfect Tense.
Example:
(a) The patent (die) ___ before the doctor came. Ans: The patent had died before the doctor came.
(b) The patient died after the doctor (come) ___. Ans: The patient died after the doctor had come.
(c) They arrived here after you (leave) ___. Ans: They arrived here after you had left.
(d) We reached home after it (start) ___ to raining.
Ans: We reached home after it had started to raining.
Rule-24: Correlative conjunctions; ‡hgb- Not only but .....also, neither.... nor, either ... or Øviv MwVZ evK¨ Zv‡`i wbKUeZ©x subject Abyhvqx verb Gi iƒc n‡q _v‡K|
Example:
(a) Not only Julia but also Georgette (to want) ___ to visit the zoo.
Ans: Not only Julia but also Georgette wants to visit the zoo.
(b) Not only Julia but also all of the grandchildren (to want) ___ to visit the zoo.
Ans: Not only Julia but also all of the grandchildren want to visit the zoo.
(c) Neither Miss Brown not Jane (write) ___ on the blackboard.
Ans: Neither Miss Brown not Jane writes on the blackboard.
(d) Neither the teacher nor the students (write) ___ on the blackboard.
Ans: Neither the teacher nor the students write on the blackboard.
(e) Not only I but also my brothers (be) ___ present there.
Ans: Not only I but also my brothers were present there.
Rule-25: Since Gi 1g As‡k Present Tense _vK‡i c‡ii As‡k Past Indefinite Tense n‡e wKš‘ Since Gi 1g Ask Past Indefinite Tense Gi n‡j c‡ii As‡ k Past Perfect Tense n‡e|
Example:
(a) It is many years since I (come) ___ to Dhaka. Ans: It is many years since I came to Dhaka.
(b) Many years have passed since his father (die) __. Ans: Many years have passed since his father died.
(c) It was many years since they first (meet) ___. Ans: It was many years since they first met.
(d) It was long since I (see) ___ her last. Ans: It was long since I seen her last.
(e) Five years have passed since I (see) ___ you. Ans: Five years have passed since I saw you.
Rule-26: it is high time, it is time, wish, fancy BZ¨vw`i c‡i Past Indefinite Tense n‡e|
Example:
(a) I fancy I (turn) ___ pale. Ans: I fancy I turned pale.
(b) It is high time he (change) ___ his bad habits. Ans: It is high time he changed his bad habits.
(c) I wish I (sing) ___ a song. Ans: I wish I sang a song.
(d) It is time we (leave) ___ the place. Ans: It is time we left the place.
(e) I wish I (do) ___ M. A. Ans: I wish I did M. A.
Rule-27: me Perfect tense G g~jZ verb Gi past participle nq| to be, having Ges get Gi ciI verb Gi past participle nq|
Structure: (1) Sub + got, made, had + noun, pronoun, adjective + etc
Example:
(a) I got the work (do) ___ by him. Ans: I got the work done by him.
(b) I have my rice (cook) ___. Ans: I have my rice cooked.
(c) I had my letter (write) ___. Ans: I had my letter written.
(d) He ran away having (take) ___ the money. Ans: He ran away having taken the money.
(e) You will have (heare) ___ the name of Haji Ans: You will have header the name of Haji.
Rule-28: Lest hy³ ev‡K¨ conjunction wn‡m‡e e¨eüZ n‡j wØZxq As‡ki Subject Gi c‡i Should e‡m| Zvici g~j verb Gi Base form nq| Lest A_© GB f‡q, cv‡Q, f‡qi, wec‡`i ¶wZi GB AvksKv eySv‡e|
Example:
(a) He ran fast lest he (miss) ___ the train.
Ans: He ran fast lest he should miss the train.
(b) Walk fast lest you (miss) ___ the class.
Ans: Walk fast lest you should miss the class.
(c) Write quickly lest you (become) ___ late.
Ans: Write quickly lest you should become late.
(d) Read diligently lest you (fail) ___ in the exam.
Ans: Read diligently lest you should fail in the exam.
Rule-29: †Kvb ev‡K¨ hw` Each,
any, every, everyone, every, thing, someone, no one, nothing, anything,
some, body, any body, any one, many, either, nether, who, whatever cÖf„wZ Subject A_ev distributive pronoun Ges Indefinite pronoun Gi ci Singular form nq|
Example:
(a) Nobody (be) ___ here. Ans: Nobody is here.
(b) Everybody (help) ___ when there is a crisis. Ans: Everybody helps when there is a crisis.
(c) Somebody (went) ___ to speak to you. Ans: Somebody wants to speak to you.
(d) Nobody (believe) ___ a liar. Ans: Nobody believes a liar.
(e) Everyone (be) ___ allowed. Ans: Everyone is allowed.
Rule-30: News, politics, mathematics, physics, gallows, statistics, ethics, economics, innings G k㸇jvi mv‡_ ÔsÕ ¯^vfvweK wbq‡g hy³ n‡q‡Q| Plural A‡_© bq| ZvB G‡`i ci verb Gi singular form nq|
Example:
(a) The news (be) ___ shocking to me. Ans: The news is shocking to me.
(b) Statistics (be) ___ my favorite subject. Ans: Statistics is my favorite subject.
(c) Student politics (create) ___ indiscipline in the university campus.
Ans: Student politics creates indiscipline in the university campus.
(d) Mathematics (to be) ___ a difficult subject. Ans: Mathematics is a difficult subject.
(e) Eithics (to be) ___ the study of moral duties principles and values.
Ans: Eithics is the study of moral duties principles and values.
Rule-31: People,
cattle, vegetables, goods, circumstances, marks, pains, studies, works,
customs, airs, premises, arms, irons, manners, quarries, amends,
pliers, tongs, parts, letters, out of sorts, out of spirits, orders BZ¨vw`i ci plural verb e¨eüZ nq| G†`i true plural noun ejv nq|
Example:
(a) The circumstances (to be) ___ had. Ans: The circumstances are had.
(b) Caules (to be) ___ grazing in the field. Ans: Caules are grazing in the field.
(d) Vegetables (give) ___ us energy to live us. Ans: vegetables give us energy to live us.
(e) No orders (to be) ___ yet been passed. Ans: No orders have yet been passed.
Rule-32: Scissors, parts, trousers, spectacles G¸‡jv ej‡Z Avgiv `yB As‡k hy³ eywS e‡j G‡`i‡K pair noun ejv nq verb plural nq|
Example:
(a) Scissors (be) ___ necessary to cut clothes. Ans: Scissors are necessary to cut clothes.
(b) The pauls (be) ___ costly. Ans: The pauls are costly.
(c) This trousers (suit) ___ we well. Ans: This trousers suit we well.
(d) The spectacles (look) ___ black. Ans: The spectacles look black.
(e) Shorts (be) ___ very easy to put on. Ans: Shorts are very easy to put on.
Rule-33: By this time/by + mgq (by morning, by Sunday, etc) _vK‡j evK¨wU mvaviYZ Future Perfect Tense G n‡e|
Example:
(a) They (reach) ___ by this time. Ans: They will have reached by this time.
(b) He (return) ___ by Monday next. Ans: He will have returned by Monday next.
Ans: I will have finished the book by June, 2009
(d) By this time you (hear) ___ the name of Rabindranath.
Ans: By this time you will have the name of Rabindranath.
(e) My father (come) ___ by next month.
Ans: My father will have come by next month.
Rule-34: Die, occur, belong, issue, continue, appear, disappear, wonder, consist, and ensue (AbymiY Kiv).BZ¨vw` Verb Gi Passive voice nq bv |
Example:
(a) His father (die) ___ last year. Ans: His father died --- last year
(b) The fog (disperse) ___. Ans: The fog .dispersed
(c) The book (belongs) ___ to me. Ans: The book belongs to me.
(d) A quarrel! (ensue) ___ at this. Ans: A quarrel! Ensued at this
(e) Our family (consist) ___ of five members. Ans: Our family consists of five members.
Rule-35: Sequence of Tense Abymv‡i †Kvb Complex sentence Gi principal clause Gi past Tense G _v‡K Zvn‡j Zvi Subordinate clause wUI Past Tens G n‡e|
Example:
(a) He said that he (need) ___ some money. Ans: He said that he needed some money
(b) She replied that she (feel) ___ better. Ans: She replied that she felt better.
(c) I found that he (to be) ___ ill. Ans: I found that he was ill.
(d) They said that they (to be) ___ in a bad condition. Ans: They said that they were in a bad condition.
(e) She believed that I (help) ___ her. Ans: She believed that I would help her.
Rule-36: Dozen, pair, sheep, deer, cattle G¸‡jv Plural number G¸‡jvi ci verb plural n‡e|
Example:
(a) Twelve dozen (to be) ___ enough for me. Ans: Twelve dozen are enough for me.
(b) The deer (to be) ___ grazing in the field. Ans: The deer are grazing in the field.
(c) The cattle (give) ___ us flesh, milk and physical labour.
Ans: The cattle give us flesh, milk and physical labour.
(d) Two pair of shoes (to have) ___ been bought. Ans: Two pair of shoes have been bought.
(e) Five sheep (to be) ___ there. Ans: Five sheep were there.
Rule-37: None of, some of, any of, all of, more of, most of BZ¨vw`i ci uncountable noun _vK‡j verb singular Avi hw` countable noun _v‡K Zvn‡j verb plural n‡e|
Example:
(a) None of the thieves (to have) ___ been found. Ans: None of the thieves has been found.
(b) None of the students (to be) __ going to college. Ans: None of the students are going to college.
(c) Some of the water (to be) __ pure in Buriganga. Ans: Some of the water is pure in Buriganga.
(d) Some of the employees (to have) ___ returned. Ans: Some of the employees have returned.
(e) Many of the boys (be) ___ playing. Ans: Many of the boys were playing.
Rule-38: Parallel structure A_©vr GKB sentence GKB ai‡bi verb Gi form emv‡bvi wbqg Gi e¨envi|
Example:
(a) I enjoy playing cricket, watching TV and (drive) ___ a car.
Ans: I enjoy playing cricket, watching TV and driving a car.
(b) I have already finished the work and (checking) ___ the result.
Ans: I have already finished the work and checked the result.
(c) The children enjoyed watching TV and (listen) ___ to music.
Ans: The children enjoyed watching TV and listening to music.
Rule-39: wKQy wKQy verb phrase Av‡Q †h ¸‡jvi c‡i ing-verb nq| G iKg verb ¸‡jv njt Keen
on, admit to , give up, are for, be used to, think about, count on,
depend on, rely on, with a view to, leave of, look forward to, insist
on, objection to, put off, succeed in, confessed to, accustomed to,
approve, of.
Example:
(a) He approves of (know) --- about it. Ans: He approves of knowing about it.
(b) You should give up (to smoke) ---. Ans: You should give up smoking.
(c) We are looking forward to (get) --- good jobs. Ans: We are looking forward to getting good jobs.
Rule-40: As if, as though (‡hb A‡_©) BZ¨vw`i c~‡e© Present Tense n‡j c‡i Past Indefinite Tense n‡e Ges c~‡e© Past Indefinite Tens --- Past Perfect Tense n‡e|
Structure: (1) Present indefinite + as if/ as though + subject + were / main verb Past form + etc.
N. B. As if/ as though Gi c~‡e© Past indefinite Tense _vK‡j c‡ii g~j verb wU Past ferfect Tense n‡e| †hgbt
Example:
(a) He talks as if he (to be) ___ leader. Ans: He talks as if he were leader.
(b) He speaks as though he (know) ___ everything. Ans: He speaks as though he knew everything.
(c) She proceeded as though I (not speak) ___. Ans: She proceeded as though I did not speak.
(d) He spoke as though he (know) ___ all. Ans: He spoke as though he had known all.
(e) He behaves as if he (do) ___ everything. Ans: He behaves as if he did everything.
Rule-41: If, Had, In case BZ¨vw` Øviv MwVZ conditional sentence-G GK cv‡k present indefinite n‡j Ab¨ cv‡k will, shall n‡e, Avi past indefinite n‡j would n‡e; past perfect n‡j would have n‡e|
Structure: 1. If+ present+ may / might + etc.
2. If + Past Indefinite + Past Conditional (Subject + would/ might/ could + verb (1) + etc.
3. If + past perfect + Past perfect conditional (subject+ would have/ could have/ might have + bracket Gi verb wUi past participle form).
N. B. might/ could/ would Gi cwie‡Z© might have/ would have/ could have + bracket Gi verbwUi past participle emv‡bv †h‡Z cv‡i| ‡hgbt
Example:
(a) If he works hard, he (shine) ___ in life. Ans: If he works hard, he will shine in life.
(b) If you run in the rain, you (catch) ___ cold. Ans: If you run in the rain, you will catch cold.
(c) If he came, I (go) ___. Ans: If he came, I would go.
(d) If I had a typewriter, I (type) ___ myself, Ans: If I had a typewriter, I would type myself,
(e) If I had seen him, I (tell) ___ him the matter. Ans: If I had seen him, I would have told him the matter.
Rule-42: Can, could, may, might, shall, should, will, would BZ¨vw` modal auxiliary Gi c‡i verb Gi base form n‡e|
Example:
(a) You may (come) ___ tomorrow. Ans: You may come tomorrow.
(b) I can (do) ___ the work. Ans: I can do the work.
(c) One should (take) ___ care of one’s health. Ans: One should take care of one’s health.
(d) It may (rain) ___ today. Ans: It may rain today.
(e) He could (do) ___ the sum. Ans: He could do the sum.
Rule-43: Information,
scenery, machinery, advice, furniture, news, wages, poetry, issue,
brick, hair, alphabet, luggage, politics, the United States of America BZ¨vw` k‡ãi †Kvb Plural iƒc †bB| ZvB G‡`i c‡i verb Gi singular form nq|
Example:
(a) The scenery of Cox’s Bazar (to be) __ charming. Ans: The scenery of Cox’s Bazar is charming.
(b) The wages of sin (to be) ___ death. Ans: The wages of sin is death
(c) The news (come) ___ through newspaper. Ans: The news comes through newspaper.
(d) The poetry (grow) ___ inquisitiveness to know the nightingle world.
Ans: The poetry grows inquisitiveness to know the nightingle world
Rule-44: mvaviYZ `ywU wfbœ ai‡bi Noun ‘And’ w`‡q hy³ K‡i ev‡K¨ Subject Gi RvqMvq em‡j Ges GKwU gvÎ Abyf~wZ ev fvev_© cÖKvk Ki‡j Zv‡K Parcel subject e‡j| G‡`i ci verb singular form nq|
Example:
(a) Time and tide (wait) ___ for none. Ans: Time and tide waits for none.
(b) Rice and curry (be) ___ our nitty and gritty food. Ans: Rice and curry is our nitty and gritty food.
(c) Weal and woe (come) ___ by turn. Ans: Weal and woe comes by turn.
(d) Tea and coffee (be) ___ my favorite drink. Ans: Tea and coffee is my favorite drink.
Rule-45: mvaviYZ `ywU †Rvo msL¨v ‘and’ Øviv hy³ n‡q ev‡K¨ subject wn‡m‡e em‡j verb singular nq Ges we‡Rvo-we‡Rvo wKsev †Rvo-we‡Rvo Subject wn‡m‡e ‘and’ Øviv hy³ n‡j verb plural n‡e|
Example:
(a) Two and two (make) ___ four. Ans: Two and two makes four.
(b) Two and three (make) ___ five. Ans: Two and three make five.
(c) Three and five (form) ___ eight. Ans: Three and five form eight.
(d) Four and four (make) ___ eight. Ans: Four and four makes eight.
(e) Four and six (from) ___ ten. Ans: Four and six from ten.
Rule-46: 1 je hy³ fMœvsk ev‡K¨ Subject wn‡m‡e e¨eüZ n‡j verb singular form n‡e Ges 1 e¨ZxZ Ab¨ digit je n‡j verb plural form n‡e|
Example:
(a) One-third of the mangoes (have) __ been eaten. Ans: One-third of the mangoes has been eaten.
(b) Two-thirds of the students (have) ___ come. Ans: Two-thirds of the students have come.
(c) One-third of the students (be) ___ given the prize. Ans: One-third of the students is given the prize.
(d) Two-fourths of the people (to be) ___ poor. Ans: Two-fourths of the people are poor.
(e) Three-fourths of the people (be) ___ joined the function.
Ans: Three-fourths of the people have joined the function.
Rule-47: ‘as if’ ‡Kvb ev‡K¨i Conjunction wn‡m‡e e¨envi n‡j Ges Zv hw` ev‡K¨ †Kvb Am¤¢e Kíbv cÖKvk K‡i Zv‡K, ZLb wØZxq ev‡K¨i subject Gi ci ‘were’ e‡m|
Example:
(a) He speaks as if he (to be) ___ mad. Ans: He speaks as if he were mad.
(b) He acts as though he (to be) ___ a king. Ans: He acts as though he were a king.
(c) She walks as if she (be) ___ an elephant. Ans: She walks as if she were an elephant
(d) She looks as if she (be) ___ a moon. Ans: She looks as if she were a moon.
(e) The prince roared as if he (be) ___ a tiger. Ans: The prince roared as if he were a tiger.
Rule-48: Point of time (wbw`©ó mgq) eySv‡j since Ges period of time (Awbw`©ó mgq) eySv‡j for e‡m| G‡¶‡Î Present perfect continuous tense n‡e|
Example:
(a) He (read) ___ the book for two hours. Ans: He has reading the book for two hours.
(b) It (rain) ___ since morning. Ans: It has been raining since morning.
(c) I (play) ___ for an hour. Ans: I have been playing for an hour.
(d) The man (suffer) ___ from fever for 7 days. Ans: The man has been suffering from fever for 7 days.
(e) It (rain) ___ for two hours. Ans: It has been raining for two hours.
Rule-49: What, how, when, where, whose, whom, who, why BZ¨vw` Interrogative sentence-G tense Abyhvqx auxiliary verb subject Gi c~‡e© em‡e|
Example:
(a) Where you (go) ___ yesterday? Ans: Where did you go yesterday?
(b) What (to be) ___ the different religions in Bangladesh?
Ans: What are the different religions in Bangladesh?
(c) What you (want) ___? Ans: What do you want?
(d) How he (come) ___ here yesterday? Ans: How did he come here yesterday?
(e) Why you (like) ___ traveling? Ans: Why do you like traveling?
Rule-50: All Gi c‡i Plural verb e‡m wKš‘ cÖev` ev‡K¨ ev Proverbial word Gi c‡i verb singular nq|
Example:
(a) All men (to be) ___ present. Ans: All men were present.
(b) All that glitters (to be) ___ not gold. Ans: All that glitters is not gold.
(c) All boys (work) ___ together. Ans: All boys work together.
(d) All (face) --- their own fate. Ans: All face their own fate.
Rule-51: Complex sentence Gi Subordinate clause wU‡Z hw` than, as.....as, as to, more than BZ¨vw` conjunction _v‡K Zvn‡j Principal clause past tense n‡jI Subordinate clause wU †h †Kvb tense Gi n‡Z cv‡i|
Example:
(a) Mr Helal, Our English teacher, loved me more than he (love) ___ other students
Ans: Mr Helal, Our English teacher, loved me more than he loves/loved other students
(b) Shahin was as intelligent as his sister (to be) ___. Ans: Shahin was as intelligent as his sister was/is.
(c) You were as to your brother (to be) ___. Ans: You were as to your brother is/ was.
(d) He worked her than he (think) ___. Ans: He worked her than he thinks/ thought.
(e) Insan is as popular as Mr Shamim (be) ___. Ans: Insan is as popular as Mr Shamim is.
Rule-52: Many Gi cieZ©x man Gi c~‡e© a _vK‡j verb singular n‡e Avi many Gi c~‡e© a em‡j cieZ©x noun I verb plural n‡e|
Example:
(a) Many a man (to be) ___ present in the party. Ans: Many a man was present in the party.
(b) A great many books (to be) __ bought yesterday. Ans: A great many books were bought yesterday.
(c) Many a boy (come) ___ to me for help. Ans: Many a boy comes to me for help.
(d) A great many people (to be) ___ present in the meeting.
Ans: A great many people were present in the meeting.
(e) Many a man (get) ___ the prize of the flattery. Ans: Many a man gets the prize of the flattery.
Rule-53: Relative pronoun who/ which/ that Gi ci k~b¨¯’vb †`qv _vK‡j be verb wU relative pronoun Gi antecedent (A_©vr c~e©eZ©x noun/ pronoun) Gi person I number Ges sequence of tense Abymv‡i n‡e|
Structure: It is + Pronoun/ person + whom hy³ evK¨vsk|
Example:
(a) It is I who (be) ___ present in the class.
Ans: It is I who am/ was/ will be present in the class.
(b) The students who (be) ___ absent yesterday must stand up.
Ans: The students who were absent yesterday must stand up.
(c) It is you who (be) ___ their teacher.
Ans: It is you who are their teacher.
(d) This is the book which (be) ___ an effective grammar.
Ans: This is the book which is an effective grammar.
(e) This is the house that (to be) ___ once a storied house.
Ans: This is the house that was once a storied house.
Rule-54: ev‡K¨i Subject hw` wbw®‹q nq Zvn‡j Passive voice nq|
Example:
(a) The work can be (do) ___ within a month. Ans: The work can be done within a month.
(b) The book must (finish) ___ immediately. Ans: The book must be finished immediately.
(c) The letter (write) ___ for an hour. Ans: The letter has been written for an hour.
(d) The voice (hear) ___ at midnight. Ans: The voice was heard at midnight.
(e) The table (remove) ___ at night. Ans: The table was removed at night.
Rule-55: wbb¥wjwLZ verb+ noun/ pronoun Gi ci k~Y¨¯’v‡b verb †`Iqv _vK‡j Zv infinitive (s + v + n/p + infinitive) n‡e|
Example:
(a) Mother asked me (go) ___ to bed. Ans: Mother asked me to go to bed.
(b) He helped me (do) ___ it. Ans: He helped me to do/do it.
(c) My father advised me (read) ___ regularly. Ans: My father advised me to read regularly.
(d) He requested you (cut) ___ the budget. Ans: He requested you to cut the budget.
(e) None should (teach) ___ to follow him/ her. Ans: None should teach to follow him/ her.
Rule-56: Gerund, infinitive A_ev verbal noun Gi ci verb singular n‡e|
Example:
(a) (walk)___ in the morning is a good exercise. Ans: To walk/ walking in the morning is a good exercise.
(b) (take) ___ physical exercise helps one to be fit. Ans: To take/taking physical exercise helps one to be fit.
(c) (eat) ___ balanced diet is health rule. Ans: Eating balanced diet is health rule.
(d) The reading of newspaper ___ us a lot to learn more.
Ans: The reading of newspaper helps us a lot to learn more.
(e) Swimming is the best practice to keep body ___. Ans: Swimming is the best practice to keep body fit.
Rule-57: Ask, demand, desire, insist, prefer, ignore, propose, request, suggest, urge BZ¨vw` present tense G _vK‡j Ges G`‡i c‡i that _vK‡j complement wUi g~j verb Gi present form nq|
Example:
(a) I request that the matter (be) ___ secret. Ans: I request that the matter be secret.
(b) She ignored the suggestion that she (get) ___ more exercise.
Ans: She ignored the suggestion that she get more exercise.
(c) He proposes me that we always (remove) ___ disputes.
Ans: He proposes me that we always remove disputes.
(d) He urges me that we (not barging) ___. Ans: He urges me that we do not bargain.
(e) None suggests that the process (be) ___ wrong. Ans: None suggests that the process is wrong.
Rule-58: Principal clause Gi verb wU hw` present/ Future tense Gi nq, Z‡e Subordinate clause Gi verb ‡h †Kvb form n‡Z cv‡i|
Example:
(a) Mina says/ will say that she (go) ___ back to market.
Ans: Mina says/ will say that she goes back to market.
(b) Luna says that she (study) ___ law. Ans: Luna says that she will study law.
(c) They will say that none (defeat) ___ him. Ans: They will say that none defeats him.
(d) I say to him that we (settle) ___ the disputes. Ans: I say to him that we will settle the disputes.
(e) Many said to me that time and tide (wait) ___ for none.
Ans: Many said to me that time and tide waits for none.
Rule-59: ‘And’ Øviv hy³ `ywU clause Gi verb GKB tense Gi n‡e| G‡K parallelism e‡j|
Example:
(a) He went to market and (buy) ___ a new shirt. Ans: He went to market and bought a new shirt.
(b) He was (sing) ___, (dance) ___ and (enjoy) ___. Ans: He was singing, dancing and enjoy.
(c) She has gone and (lock) ___ the door. Ans: She has gone and locked the door.
(d) He laughs and (speak) ___ and (cry) ___. Ans: He laughs and speaks and cries.
(e) You should write, (read) ___ and (memorize) ___. Ans: You should write, read and memorize.
Rule-60: Main clause Gi verb wU past tense Gi n‡j Ges c‡ii As‡k next Gi c‡i day, week, month, year cÖf„wZi D‡j−L _vK‡i D³ As‡k would e‡m Ges eªv‡K‡Ui verb wUi present form nq|
Example:
(a) He said that (buy) ___ a computer the next day. Ans: He said that would buy a computer the next day.
(b) I told them that I (go) ___ there. Ans: I told them that I would go there.
(c) He said that he would (do) ___ better. Ans: He said that he would do better.
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